Electric Cars Explained – A Simple Guide to Buying & Owning an EV

Written by TML Cars – independent used car specialists in Wincanton, Somerset.

Thinking About Going Electric?

Electric cars have changed enormously over the last few years. Better driving ranges, faster charging and an increasing choice of affordable used models mean an EV can now be a realistic alternative to a petrol or diesel car for many drivers.

But if you've never owned one before, terms such as BEV, PHEV, kWh, rapid charging, battery health and WLTP range can make choosing the right car seem unnecessarily complicated.

At TML Cars in Wincanton, Somerset, we want buying an electric car to be straightforward.

This guide explains the basics, including the different types of electrified vehicles, how charging works, what affects electric driving range and what you should look for when buying a used EV.

What Are the Different Types of Electric Car?

Not everything described as an "electric" or "electrified" vehicle works in the same way.

BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle

A Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is what most people mean when they talk about a fully electric car.

There is no petrol or diesel engine. Instead, the car is powered entirely by an electric motor using energy stored in a rechargeable battery.

Examples include:

• Volkswagen ID.3
• Tesla Model 3
• Nissan Leaf
• Renault 5 E-Tech
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Kia EV6
• Hyundai Ioniq 5

A BEV is charged by plugging it into a home charger or public charging point.

There are no tailpipe emissions while driving and electric motors generally provide very smooth, quiet and responsive performance.

PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) combines a conventional petrol or diesel engine with an electric motor and rechargeable battery.

Unlike a normal hybrid, a PHEV can be plugged into a charger.

Depending on the vehicle, it may be capable of completing many shorter journeys using electric power alone before the combustion engine is required.

A PHEV can make sense for someone who can regularly charge at home but still wants the convenience of a petrol or diesel engine for longer journeys.

To get the best from one, however, it needs to be charged regularly.

HEV – Self-Charging Hybrid

A conventional hybrid or HEV has a petrol engine working alongside an electric motor and relatively small battery.

You don't plug the vehicle in.

Instead, the battery is charged automatically using energy from the engine and regenerative braking.

At lower speeds the car may operate on electric power for short periods, with the petrol engine automatically switching on when required.

Popular examples include many Toyota and Honda hybrid models.

MHEV – Mild Hybrid

A Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV) uses a small battery and electric motor to assist a conventional petrol or diesel engine.

The electric system can help during acceleration and improve the efficiency of the stop/start system, but a mild hybrid normally cannot travel any meaningful distance using electric power alone.

Think of it as an efficient petrol or diesel vehicle with electrical assistance rather than an electric car.

Why Buy an Electric Car?

Lower Energy Costs

For drivers who can charge at home, particularly using an off-peak electricity tariff, the cost per mile can be considerably lower than running an equivalent petrol or diesel vehicle.

Public rapid charging is normally more expensive than home charging, so your individual saving will depend heavily on where and how you charge.

Less Routine Mechanical Maintenance

A fully electric car doesn't need engine oil changes, spark plugs, timing belts, exhaust systems or many of the other components found in combustion-engined vehicles.

That doesn't mean an EV is maintenance-free.

Tyres, brakes, suspension, air-conditioning, cabin filters, steering components and other parts still require inspection and maintenance.

Smooth and Quiet to Drive

Electric motors deliver their power immediately.

Even relatively modest EVs can therefore feel surprisingly responsive around town.

There are also no conventional gear changes in most EVs, making them particularly smooth and easy to drive.

Regenerative Braking

When you lift off the accelerator or press the brake pedal, many electric vehicles use the electric motor to slow the vehicle and recover energy.

This energy is returned to the battery rather than simply being lost as heat through the brakes.

Some vehicles provide several levels of regenerative braking, while others offer near "one-pedal" driving.

Zero Tailpipe Emissions

A fully electric car produces no exhaust emissions while being driven.

That can be particularly beneficial for local air quality in towns and cities.

Understanding EV Batteries

The battery is one of the most important parts of any electric vehicle.

Battery capacity is normally measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

As a general rule, a larger usable battery provides a longer potential driving range, although vehicle efficiency is equally important.

For example, two cars with identical battery capacities can have very different ranges because of their weight, aerodynamics, motors, wheels and software.

What Does kWh Mean?

You can think of kWh as roughly the electric equivalent of the size of a fuel tank.

A vehicle with a 40kWh battery stores less energy than one with an 80kWh battery.

However, battery size alone doesn't tell you how far a vehicle will travel.

A smaller, efficient hatchback may travel considerably further per kWh than a large electric SUV.

What Is EV Battery Health?

Like virtually every rechargeable battery, an EV battery can gradually lose some of its original capacity as it ages.

This is known as battery degradation.

The amount varies depending on factors including:

• Vehicle age
• Mileage
• Battery chemistry
• Charging history
• Temperature
• Manufacturer battery management
• How the vehicle has been used

A used electric vehicle does not automatically need a new battery simply because it has lost a small percentage of its original capacity.

What matters is understanding the condition of the battery and whether its remaining range suits your requirements.

Where a battery health report is available for one of our electric vehicles, we will clearly advertise this with the vehicle.

What Does WLTP Range Mean?

Most electric cars are advertised with an official WLTP driving range.

WLTP stands for Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure.

It provides a standardised way of comparing different vehicles, but it shouldn't be interpreted as a guaranteed real-world range.

A vehicle originally advertised with a 250-mile WLTP range will not necessarily travel exactly 250 miles every time it is charged.

What Affects Electric Car Range?

Just like MPG in a petrol or diesel car, EV range varies according to how and where you drive.

Temperature

Cold weather can reduce EV range because the battery operates differently at lower temperatures and energy is required to heat the cabin.

Driving Speed

Driving continuously at motorway speeds generally uses considerably more energy than slower driving.

Heating and Air Conditioning

Heating or cooling the interior consumes electricity from the battery.

Driving Style

Heavy acceleration and high speeds increase energy consumption.

Wheels and Tyres

Larger alloy wheels and wider performance tyres can sometimes reduce range compared with smaller, more efficient wheel and tyre combinations.

Vehicle Load

Passengers, luggage, roof boxes and trailers all require additional energy.

How Do You Charge an Electric Car at Home?

For many EV owners, home charging is the easiest and cheapest way to charge.

You arrive home, plug the vehicle in and it can recharge while you sleep.

Dedicated Home Wallbox

A dedicated home EV charger is normally the preferred option.

Many UK domestic chargers operate at around 7kW, although the actual charging rate depends on the property, charger and vehicle.

For example, a car with a battery of roughly 60kWh may require somewhere around 8–10 hours for a substantial overnight charge using a 7kW charger.

In reality you rarely charge from completely empty to completely full, so everyday charging can take much less time.

Many chargers can also be programmed to use cheaper off-peak electricity tariffs.

Three-Pin Domestic Plug

Some EVs can also be charged using an appropriate manufacturer-approved charging cable connected to a normal domestic socket.

This is considerably slower than a dedicated wallbox and is generally better viewed as an occasional or backup charging solution rather than the ideal everyday method.

Always follow the vehicle and charging-equipment manufacturer's instructions.

Understanding EV Charging Speeds

Charging speeds are usually quoted in kilowatts (kW).

Don't confuse this with kWh, which describes battery capacity.

• 2–3kW – slow charging
• Around 7kW – typical domestic wallbox
• 11–22kW – faster AC charging where supported
• 50kW+ – DC rapid charging
• 100–350kW – higher-powered rapid and ultra-rapid charging

The number displayed on the charger is the charger's maximum capability.

Your car determines how much power it can actually accept.

Connecting a vehicle capable of accepting a maximum of 100kW to a 350kW charger will not make it charge at 350kW.

AC vs DC Charging

AC Charging

AC charging is normally used at home, workplaces and many destination chargers.

The car's onboard charger converts AC electricity into the DC electricity stored in the battery.

DC Rapid Charging

Rapid chargers supply DC electricity directly to the vehicle's battery.

This allows significantly higher charging speeds and is particularly useful during longer journeys.

Why Do Manufacturers Quote 10–80% Charging Times?

You'll often see an EV advertised with a charging time such as:

10–80% in approximately 30 minutes.

There is a reason manufacturers don't normally quote 0–100% for rapid charging.

EV batteries can accept high charging speeds when they are relatively empty, but the charging rate progressively reduces as the battery becomes fuller.

The final 20% can therefore take disproportionately longer.

When travelling long distances, stopping at around 80% and continuing your journey can sometimes be quicker than waiting for the battery to reach 100%.

Where Can I Charge an Electric Car?

The UK has a large and expanding network of public EV chargers.

They can be found at locations including:

• Motorway service stations
• Supermarkets
• Shopping centres
• Public car parks
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Fuel stations
• Council car parks
• Dedicated charging hubs

Charging networks and mapping services can show you charger location, connector type, charging speed, price and sometimes live availability.

For longer journeys, many modern EV navigation systems can automatically plan charging stops along your route.

Do I Need to Charge My EV to 100% Every Day?

Usually, no.

Most people only use a fraction of their battery during a normal day's driving.

Many manufacturers recommend setting an everyday charging limit, commonly around 80%, and charging to 100% when the additional range is required.

Recommendations vary between manufacturers and battery types, so always follow the guidance for the individual vehicle.

Can I Own an EV Without a Driveway?

Yes, although it requires a little more planning.

Drivers without private parking often rely on public chargers, workplace charging, destination charging or approved on-street charging arrangements.

Whether it makes financial sense depends on the availability and cost of charging where you live and work.

Before buying an EV, we recommend checking the charging facilities available around your home, workplace and regular journeys.

Are Electric Cars Free to Tax?

No.

Electric cars are now subject to Vehicle Excise Duty in the UK.

The exact amount depends on the vehicle's age, original registration date and other applicable rules.

Because tax rules and rates change, we recommend checking the current rate for the individual vehicle rather than assuming that an EV has zero road tax.

What About the Battery Warranty?

Most electric-car manufacturers provide a separate warranty for the high-voltage traction battery.

The length and mileage limit varies by manufacturer, and some warranties also specify a minimum level of usable battery capacity.

For a used EV, the remaining manufacturer battery warranty can therefore be an important consideration.

Always check the terms applicable to the individual vehicle, as warranty coverage varies by model, age and manufacturer.

What Should I Check When Buying a Used Electric Car?

Buying a used EV isn't fundamentally different from buying any other used vehicle, but there are several additional areas worth checking.

1. Battery Condition

Where possible, look for information regarding battery health or remaining usable capacity.

2. Remaining Battery Warranty

Check whether any manufacturer high-voltage battery warranty remains.

3. Charging Cables

Establish which charging cables are supplied with the vehicle.

Replacement cables can be expensive, so don't assume every used EV automatically comes with every type of cable originally supplied when new.

4. AC Charging Speed

Check the maximum AC charging rate supported by the vehicle.

5. DC Rapid-Charging Speed

If you regularly travel long distances, rapid-charging performance may be just as important as total battery range.

6. Realistic Driving Range

Don't choose an EV simply because the manufacturer's original figure just covers your normal journey.

Allow a sensible margin for winter temperatures, motorway journeys and unexpected diversions.

7. Service and Maintenance History

EVs still require maintenance.

Check the manufacturer's servicing requirements and the vehicle's available history.

8. Tyre Condition

Electric cars are often relatively heavy and can deliver substantial torque.

Correct tyre specification and condition are therefore particularly important.

Is a Used Electric Car Right for Me?

For many drivers, an EV works extremely well.

It can be particularly suitable if:

• You have access to home or workplace charging.
• Most of your journeys are predictable.
• Your daily mileage is comfortably within the vehicle's real-world range.
• You want quiet, smooth automatic driving.
• You're looking to reduce fuel costs.
• You regularly drive into clean-air or emission-controlled areas.

An EV may require more consideration if you regularly cover very long motorway distances, tow heavy trailers, have no convenient charging facilities or frequently travel in areas with limited charging infrastructure.

The important thing is choosing the vehicle around how you actually use a car, rather than simply buying the EV with the biggest advertised battery.

Buying a Used Electric Car from TML Cars

At TML Cars, we regularly stock carefully selected electric and hybrid vehicles alongside our petrol and diesel cars.

We are based in Bayford, Wincanton, Somerset, conveniently located close to the A303 and accessible from across Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire and the wider South West.

Our aim is to give you straightforward information about the vehicles we sell, including important EV information such as battery capacity, manufacturer-quoted range and charging performance where available.

Where a battery health report is available for a particular vehicle, this will be clearly stated within its individual advertisement.

Part exchange is welcome, finance options are available subject to status, and nationwide delivery can also be arranged.

View our current electric and hybrid vehicles or contact TML Cars if you'd like help deciding whether an EV would suit your driving.

Electric Car FAQs

How long does an electric car battery last?

EV batteries are designed for long-term vehicle use, but they gradually lose some capacity as they age.

There isn't a single lifespan that applies to every electric car. Battery longevity depends on the manufacturer, chemistry, temperature, mileage and how the vehicle has been used and charged.

How far can an electric car travel?

It depends entirely on the vehicle.

Smaller or older EVs may offer relatively modest ranges, while newer long-range models can travel several hundred miles under official test conditions.

Real-world range varies with weather, speed, driving style and vehicle load.

How long does it take to charge an EV?

Anywhere from less than an hour to many hours depending on the battery, its current state of charge and the charger being used.

A rapid DC charger can add a substantial amount of range during a short stop, while home charging is normally designed to replenish the battery gradually overnight.

Can I charge an EV in the rain?

Yes.

EV charging systems and connectors are designed for outdoor use. Always use approved charging equipment and follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Are electric cars automatic?

Almost all fully electric cars drive like automatics.

Electric motors don't require the conventional multi-speed gearbox used by most petrol and diesel vehicles.

Do electric cars need an MOT?

Yes.

Electric cars follow the normal UK MOT requirements applicable to their age.

Do electric cars need servicing?

Yes.

Although there is no conventional engine to service, an EV still has brakes, tyres, suspension, steering, air-conditioning and numerous other components that require inspection and maintenance.

Do electric cars lose range in winter?

Yes, usually.

Cold temperatures can reduce battery efficiency, while heating the cabin also consumes energy.

The amount varies considerably between different vehicles.

Is rapid charging bad for an electric car?

Modern EVs use sophisticated battery management systems to protect the battery.

Occasional rapid charging is a normal part of EV ownership.

Manufacturers may have individual recommendations regarding charging habits, particularly for long-term battery care.

Can I take an electric car on a long journey?

Absolutely.

The key is selecting a vehicle with appropriate range and rapid-charging capability and planning charging stops where required.

Modern EVs with fast DC charging can make long-distance travel considerably easier than many first-time EV buyers expect.

Should I buy an EV or a hybrid?

It depends on how you use your vehicle.

A fully electric car can be ideal if you can charge conveniently and your normal journeys suit its range.

A plug-in hybrid can work well if you regularly charge but occasionally need a combustion engine for longer distances.

A self-charging hybrid can be a good option for drivers who want some of the efficiency benefits of electrification without plugging the vehicle in.

There is no single best option for everybody.

Still Unsure About Going Electric?

If you're considering your first electric or hybrid vehicle and aren't sure what would suit you, speak to us.

We'd rather help you choose the right type of car for your circumstances than simply tell you that electric is best for everyone.

TML Cars Limited
Bayford
Wincanton
Somerset
BA9 9NJ

Telephone: 01963 846113

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